“Mausoleum,” tomb architecture: Tomb of Mausolos; from Halikarnassos (Classical period, dated to ca. 350-340 BC)Photograph of “Tomb of Caecilia Metella,” tomb architecture, from Rome, Via Appia (Modern period, dated to ca. 20 BC)Reconstruction of Appian Way overlay“Pantheon,” temple architecture, from Rome (Hadrianic period)“Via delle Tombe,” city/town plan of PompeiiForum plan: 1) Julius Caesar 2) Augustus 3) Nerva (Transitorium of Domitian) 4) Temple of Peace 5) Trajan 6) market of Trajan; of Imperial Fora, Rome (Imperial period)Arch architecture: Corbel gallery (dated to c. 13th c. BC)
Attested Arches (Fornices)
196 BCE Says Livy:
Lucius Stertinius, returning from Farther Spain, without even putting in a claim to a triumph, deposited in the treasury fifty thousand pounds of silver, and out of the booty erected two arches (fornices) in the Forum Boarium in front of the temples of Fortuna and Mater Matuta, and one in the Circus Maximus, and on these arches he placed gilded statues.
190 BCE
Fornix Scipionis a decorative arch erected by Scipio Africanus at the top of the clivus Capitolinus. In front of it were seven statues and two marble basins.
121 BCE Fornix Fabianus
an honorary arch erected on or over the Sacra via at the east end of the forum by Q. Fabius Allobrogicus to commemorate his Victory over the Allobroges
61 BCE Arch of Pompey for victory over Mithradates
Fornication
There are some who would not keep company with a lady, unless her modest garment perfectly conceal her feet. Another, again, will only have such as take their station in a filthy brothel (=fornix). Horace Satires 1.2
Gate architecture, from Hispellum (Spello, Italy) (Imperial period)Road view of site of Carsulae: Via Flaminia out of town (Imperial period)Arch architecture: Roman Arch; from Elia (Velia), Porta Rosa“Temple of Jupiter Anxur,” plan of Terracina (Roman period)Temple architecture: Support structure of temple platform; from Temple of Jupiter Anxur, Terracina, in Opus Incertum style (dated to 1st. quarter 1st c. BC)“Aqua Claudia,” aqueduct/water-supply architecture: Tomb of M. Vergilius Eurysaces in background; from Piazza di Porta Maggiore, Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 50-60)“Arch of Augustus,” arch elevation: after R. Gamberini Mongenet; from Roman Forum, Rome (Augustan period, dated to 19 BC)“Emperor Titus,” statue sculpture: (AD 79-81) in toga (right forearm, left hand restored); from Rome, made of marble (dated to c. AD 80; now at Vatican Museums)“Arch of Titus,” arch architecture, from Rome, made of marble, with inscription (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” arch architecture: Judaean Triumph; from Rome (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” relief sculpture: Detail of Triumph of Titus; used as arch, from Rome, made of marble (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” relief sculpture: Detail of soldiers carrying booty; from Rome, made of marble (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” relief sculpture used as arch, from Rome, made of marble (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” relief sculpture: Titus’ apotheosis; from Rome, made of marble (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” relief sculpture used as arch, from Rome, made of marble (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Titus,” arch architecture, from Rome, made of marble, with inscription (Flavian period, dated to AD 80-85)“Arch of Trajan,” arch architecture: View from City side, Left pier; from Benevento, made of marble (Trajanic period, dated to AD 114-117)Arch architecture: Detail of commemorative arch, north facade; from Orange, made of limestone (dated to 30 BC-26 AD)“Arch of Septimius Severus,” arch architecture“Arch of Constantine,” arch architecture“Arch of Constantine,” arch architecture, from Rome (Constantinian period)“Arch of Constantine,” architecture“Arch of Constantine,” arch architecture: by night; from Rome“Arch of Constantine,” arch architecture, from Rome“Arch of Constantine (detail),” architecture: decoration with 8 medallions; from Rome, made of marble (Imperial period, dated to 312-315 AD)Forum plan of Roman and Imperial Fora (Imperial period)“Trajan,” bust sculpture used as portrait (Trajanic period)Forum architecture, from Trajan’s Forum, Rome (Modern period)“Forum of Trajan,” view of site of Rome (Trajanic period)“Trajan’s Column,” relief sculpture: Detail; from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” column architecture: Trajan at war with the Dacians; from Rome, made of marble (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” relief sculpture: Detail; from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” relief sculpture: bridge across Danube; from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” relief sculpture: Detail; from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” relief sculpture: Construction work detail; from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” column architecture, from Rome (Imperial period, dated to AD 113)“Trajan’s Column,” column architecture, from Rome (Trajanic period, dated to AD 113)“Columns of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius,” column architecture: 1) Column of Trajan, Rome. 107-117 AD. Marble, H 123’7" D. 12’6 3/4“/ Foro Traiano, 2) Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome. 180-193 AD. Marble. H 137’ 5 1/2” D 12’ 5 5/8" Piazza Colonna; from Rome, made of marble (Imperial period, dated to 2nd c. AD)“Marcus Aurelius,” head sculpture (Antonine period, dated to AD 170 or later; now at Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX)Statue sculpture: Marcus Aurelius; from Rome, made of bronze (Antonine period) (now at Capitoline Museum)Coin: Marcus Aurelius (Antonine period, dated to AD 159)“Column of Marcus Aurelius,” column architecture, from Piazza Colonna, Rome, made of marble (Antonine period, dated to AD 180-192)“Triumphal arch of M. Aurelius,” relief sculpture: Triumphal procession (“victoroia”) (dated to 176-82 AD; now at Palazzo dei Conserv. Rome)Tomb architecture: Pyramid of Gaius Cestius with gate; from Rome, made of marble (Imperial period, dated to 18–12 BCE)
